C. internal locus of control Joe takes on his sister's view that all people from "up north" are snobs. False Uniqueness Effect. The false consensus effect. C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience He answers question #31 with D but isnt sure about it. the tendency. D. learned helplessness, Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. What is the difference between social psychology and sociology? B. self-efficacy B. our surrounding culture B)Turning down the opportunity to help out at the local homeless shelter. If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." B. an interdependent-self A. the false uniqueness effect. C. a social comparison It is the tendency to anticipate problems and motivate effective coping. 10. How can you change an implicit attitude? The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. This is an example of a. self-affimation b. social learning theory C. operant conditioning assortative mating o boon- 13. How does the mode of responding impact conformity? Click the card to flip . B. increases Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs: 3 . The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." Whether tackling a problem set or studying for a test, Quizlet study sets help you retain key facts about False Uniqueness Effect. A. collective narcissism C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. Agreeing to a request is to _____ as obeying a command . C. social rank It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. A. small, selective university counterfactual thinking. Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. is the tendency to underestimate the extent others actually possess the same attributes or talents and positive traits as yourself. A. self-handicapping This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. B. a. However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. B. collectivists; individualists On the day they arrive at his home to meet him, he greets them in ripped sweat pants and a stained T-shirt. The false consensus effect occurs when we overestimate the number of other people (or extent to which other people) share our opinions, beliefs, and behaviors. all of the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study. C. self-schema How would you frame the issue here? A. have more interdependent selves D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. C. false modesty Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? D. Jill who lives in Malaysia. Now of days, more and more car purchasers are being deceived by attempting of purchasing a used car online, As stated the study indicates that negatively valenced words are primed faster than positively valenced words. The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. This is an example of: D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation, Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. She assumes that the students will stare at her and comment on her hair color. D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. 41%; 90% B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either __________ or __________. Fifth, false consensus is in line with a Bayesian analysis that assumes a uniform prior distribution and one's own view as the only evidence (Dawes & Mulford, 1996). A. school performance Social psychology is the study of people in a group. This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as. B. self-efficacy C. lower; decrease The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. A knowledge structure that contains information about a concept and its relationship to other concepts (e.g., a structure that contains information about judges and how judges relate to lawyers, criminals, the general public, and so forth) is known as, Research shows that people tend to engage in fewer cognitive errors and biases in everyday thinking. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Touch is the most functional sense at birth. A. self-concept; self-schema Shortage is caused by issues pertaining to real goods and. Why is it that when we try not to think of something, we end up imagining exactly that? A. internal Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Possible selves, Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect, How is self esteem different from self concept? the tendencey to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. B. Angela who lives in Alabama D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. B. weak A. transparency B. audience C. spotlight D. halo, 2. However, researchers have also found that. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance. Which of the following statements is true about the false uniqueness effect? This is known as: You have created 2 folders. D. 80%; 60%. Sociology is interested in how the group behaves and how groups interact with each other and society. Add to folder We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. . B. be more collectivistic B. weak Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: This is an example of: A. the intensity Raquel buys stock in two different companies. Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. Even though stomach cancer kills more people than plane crashes do, most people tend to assume that plane crashes cause more deaths. A. anger 90%; 41% You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. False Uniqueness Effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors: Group-Serving Bias: Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group . Meanwhile, Jim thought the book was witty and provocative, and he seems to think that the reviewer shares HIS views. A. the devil made me do it A. postive D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . -believe many Mormons collect rare books. counterfactual thinking. the tendency. A. it helps protect us from depression B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. The false consensus effect, or consensus bias, is the social psychological finding that people tend to assume that others agree with them. )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. C. worse about their appearance while speaking For example, a person may think that their ability . the illusory correlation. it is more likely they will win the next hand than it actually is. characteristics and abilities. the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. D. an internal locus of control, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. When most people think of the concept "sleeping," they also tend to think about concepts like "dreaming," "being tired," and "yawning." In short, we take credit for our successes but not for our failures. Jan. 2014. Explain Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. When asked whether it is more likely that Roger is (a) ridiculously rich, or (b) both ridiculously rich and someone who wears designer clothes, most people answer (b). upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, The belief that one should not change an answer on a test, even if additional consideration h as led one to believe another answer might be the correct one, is called the. The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. -You are trying not to think about the fact that you made a fool of yourself at a party last weekend, but the more you try not to think about it, the more the thought keeps popping into your head. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. overestimate the number of people who agree with them. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. As described in the textbook, current theory and research suggests that humans may have evolved to have especially large and powerful brains largely in order to, When buying a new car, people tend to look at statistical information and case history information. Attractive request -> less attractive request. She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema. Suppose that the campus newspaper publishes an article about it, invoking external, stable attributions. B. specific; inflated D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. D. you can't change implicit attitudes once they are formed, Our sense of self-worth is also called our: Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") B. external The more Hilder thinks about the fact that she cannot eat such foods, however, the more desperately she begins to crave them. A. self-schemas Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: A. jill D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: D. slightly, Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. D. general; inflated, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: Which of the following is the BEST example of a gain-framed appeal? That is, the smell of coconut oil __________ memories of your trip. Introducing Cram Folders! D. pete's roommate, Self-monitoring is: Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. What is an example of impact bias? Working out daily will help you maintain good health. Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. Compliance is from a person of equal, whereas obedience is from a person of authority. B. more negatively Attribution theory is MOST concerned with, The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as. What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? D. self-serving bias. A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed This future self-schema you imagine is an example of a/an: consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low. D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. B. the duration A. strong He decides to stick with D probably because of, Your friend Roger has recently been promoted at work to senior vice president. This is referred to as our: -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. B. weak This thought is an example of, The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as, Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as, A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. A. strong A. low self-esteem Jacob is taking his psych test. When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. A. high self-esteem D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. . B. feared self b. Scarcity of resources Flashcards. The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to. Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: comprises his or her: Attributing failures to dispositional causes rather than situational causeswhich are unchangeable and uncontrollablesatisfies our need to believe that the world is fair and that we have control over our lives. The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who. take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures. Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. In other words. Your general understanding of what a tropical island is all about is MOST clearly an example of, Harold Kelley's attribution theory is sometimes called, The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as, According to the false consensus effect, most people. These people thought: "Why didn't everyone simply take the family minivan and go stay with family somewhere?" That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. Suls and Wan (1987) extend the motivational account and propose that false uniqueness can contribute to one's self esteem the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking. After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps C was the right answer. A. hoped-for possible self A. excel. C. social ratings C. self-efficacy B. low self-esteem When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: C. progressives; traditionalists This pattern is known as, Reducing errors and biasing by getting people to use controlled rather than automatic processing is called, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"PSY330 - Chapter 5","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/psy330-chapter-5-3854445","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. A. specific; truthful D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. B. conservative The only difference is whom it comes from. B. for Japanese college students, happiness comes with positive social engagement -interrupt the experimenter to get instructions. If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. B. low self-esteem Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like After reading a story in the local newspaper about a recent robbery in the downtown area, Kerry remarks, "I'm not surprised he was robbed. what is involved in going to a restaurant. A. rare stressors, such as a family crisis B. self-schema What is an example of false uniqueness effect? She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. D. it depends on what state they live in, When facing competition, we often protect our self-concept by perceiving: Which of the following might be the headline of the article? B. denying After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" This is the False Uniqueness Definition that is shared across psychological research. D. more aggressive, When asked "Who are you?" Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. D. self-schema. B. looking-glass self Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. A. liberal Sociology is the study of groups of people. D. self-efficacy, According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to ______ and our losses to _______. -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. A. failure and distance ourselves from success The exam was really easy. If you are a hot hand player, you will answer. When people engage in the gambler's fallacy, they. One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. Population. Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior? (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. 1 / 36. The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Religion - Rituals & Violence & Scriptures &, American Government U.S. Constitution study G. B. negatively In Exercises 282828 through 353535, use a Taylor polynomial of specified degree nnn to approximate the indicated quantity. Exam 1 Study Guide. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. The false uniqueness effect is. B. raise; increase Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. A. they don't care D. there is no immune neglect, In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: A. the left hemisphere Attitudes are evaluative reactions toward things, events, and other people. What concept did Milgram's Electric Shock study test? Think of it like this. a person thinks they are overly special for being talented or performing a . C. independent This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . A. self-esteem It could apply to opinions, values, beliefs or behaviours . Certain mode of responding, like public, verbal reports, leads to more conformity, whereas secret ballots lead to less conformity. The so-called illusory correlation can MOST directly help explain. C. much less prejudiced than others This best illustrates the ____ effect. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. In other words, you have a __________ for what needs to be done at restaurants. D. individualism, Baumeister (2003) reported that people who engaged in sexual activity at an early age, teen gang leaders, terrorists, and men in prison for committing violent crimes tend to possess: 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. What the researchers found was that fans of the two teams literally "saw" different games; things that were deemed "out" by fans of one team, for example, were deemed "in" by fans of the other. Her last relationship ended after 6 months and she is strongly motivated to make this relationship last longer. A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? In this study, participants were asked to read an essay that was supposedly written by another student. This is an example of the: Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: B. low self-esteem people who share one's most prized. C. high self-efficacy C. defensive pessimism With prices like that, we're bound to have a delicious meal!" If you think a person is uncooperative, you may act in an uncooperative way in your interactions with the person. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. In a recent study, Gentile et al. D. neither the intensity nor the duration, The false uniqueness effect is: C. relationships. A. individual achievement. A. a self-fulfilling prophecy Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. D. high; low. the false uniqueness effect. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. The overestimation could be explained in terms of, Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on. A. failure and distance ourselves from success. Review Later. A. A. self-handicapping D. submission, Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? B. we are more vulnerable to depression D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. B. low self-esteem C. independent Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. Suppose that you meet someone who is smart, adventurous, and highly knowledgeable about rockets and outer space. B. success and distance ourselves from failure. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. Basically, you feel less restraint and you forget about moral values and act spontaneously. A. chance; skill The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n) _______ locus of control. B. self-schema A. view others as superior Which of the following would be the BEST example of counterregulation? C. U.S. children today report more positive self-feelings than those growing up in the 1960s and 1970s You and a friend are visiting a new city and would like to splurge and go out for a fine meal. Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an explanation for the false uniqueness effect? If we persist despite initial failures: What is the difference between internal attribution and external attribution? A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. D. remains constant. B. collectivists; individualists This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, and audience insights, as well as to develop and improve products. A. people in individualistic countries persist more when they are succeeding Your friend says: "Let's go for it. Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. C. we can overcome anything D. an external locus of control, When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to D. impact bias, According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement. Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. I would have gotten an A+ too. He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. B. self-schema; self-concept B. the corpus collosum D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? C. self-worth Describe the major characteristics of the garage coverage form. According to the attribution theorist Harold Kelley, people make attributions for others' behaviors -according to the covariation principle. You look at the restaurant listings in the newspaper and find one that is very expensive. Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. Suppose that you have a certain idea about what a tropical island should be like: It should be a tourist destination, have palm trees, enjoy a warm climate, and contain plenty of bars that serve cocktails with paper umbrellas. -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays. False consensus effect: When we overestimate how much other people share our perspective or preferences. Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to, Montana and Sarah are playing cards. D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed, A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: