Biodiversity investment frameworks, such as the Global Biodiversity Framework, require accurate and timely biodiversity assessments as a means to measure project success and satisfy the impact needs of donors and investors, shares XPRIZE Rainforest Technical Lead Kev Marriott. Akcil, A.; Erust, C.; Ozdemiroglu, S.; Fonti, V.; Beolchini, F. A review of approaches and techniques used in aquatic contaminated sediments: Metal removal and stabilization by chemical and biotechnological processes. ; Dias Milanez, C.R. Zheng, M.Y. In total, 144 140 seeds belonging to 186 species were collected in islands; more than 80% were grasses. Cai, Z.; Sun, Y.; Deng, Y.; Zheng, X.; Sinkkonen, A. 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0464:tfrtia]2.0.co;2. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including Finally, the pros and cons of each technique are summarized. L. 108148 (text)), is a law proposed by President George W. Bush following the forest fires of 2002 which was devastatingly widespread. ; Arain, M.B. Official websites use .gov Singh, K.P. 15 (1 August 2016), pp. Aguilera-Herrador, E.; Lucena, R.; Crdenas, S.; Valcrcel, M. Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS. ; Llamas, N.E. ; Kherbache, S.; Bouzidi, N.; Tahakourt, A.K. In rocks, they occur as minerals in different chemical forms, such as sulfides and oxides [, As heavy metals are transported into the water, most fractions (>90%) are trapped in sediments by adsorption, precipitation, complexation, and chelation reactions [, Traditionally, remediation of metal-contaminated sediments has been achieved through in situ and ex situ treatment [, Sediment washing extracts metals from dredged sediment to the washing solution through high-pressure water jets or adding some chemical washing agents (such as inorganic acid, chelators, and surfactants) (, EKR can be applied both in situ and ex situ, which involves inserting electrodes into a contaminated medium and applying an electric field to move the contaminant towards the electrodes [, Floatation is a possible technique for remediation of dredge sediment, which is obviously affected by the sediment properties (e.g., particle size), bubbles, and extraction agents [, Recently, microwave and ultrasonic-assisted heavy metal extractions have been emerging, which have the advantages of labor-less, time-saving, lower reagents usage, reduced contamination, and enhanced operator safety in comparison with conventional chemical extraction (, Ex situ phytoremediation seems to have strong potential for treatment contaminated sediments. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. The highest removal efficiency was 56% (Cd), 45% (Cu) and 40% (Zn). No special WebCuban music was heavily influenced by the large Spanish and African populations. It may be cut into numerous styles, such as beveled or traditional shingles or shakes. ; Burchett, M.D. The good news is that its not too late to change the course of history. Tropical forest restoration Tree islands increased zoochorous tree seed rain; seed density and species richness were greater in tree islands than in open pasture, and large islands had greater seed density than smaller islands (Gliricidia only), suggesting that they are more effective for restoration. Learn | World Stewardship Institute Young restored forests increase seedling recruitment in abandoned pastures in the Southern Atlantic rainforest. The U.S. Forest Service has identified 24 million acres of federal land alone that is at the absolute highest risk of catastrophic fire, with a third of that in California, more than any other state. Song, Y.; Benamar, A.; Mezazigh, S.; Wang, H. Citric Acid-Enhanced Electroremediation of Toxic Metal-Contaminated Dredged Sediments: Effect of Open/Closed Orifice Condition, Electric Potential and Surfactant. The best Hg-removal (~71% in 400 h) was achieved. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030207, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. ; Poon, C.S. Bert, V.; Seuntjens, P.; Dejonghe, W.; Lacherez, S.; Thuy, H.T.T. Many restoration projects focus on individual sites, and dont take the surrounding areas or the A microencapsulation process of liquid mercury by sulfur polymer stabilization/solidification technology. Recycling contaminated sediment into eco-friendly paving blocks by a combination of binary cement and carbon dioxide curing. restoration Risk Assess. ; Wenda, R. Solid solution of ettringites: Part II: Incorporation of B(OH), Yang, F.; Pang, F.; Xie, J.; Wang, W.; Wang, W.; Wang, Z. Leaching and solidification behavior of Cu. Tian, Y.; Boulang-Lecomte, C.; Benamar, A.; Giusti-Petrucciani, N.; Duflot, A.; Olivier, S.; Frederick, C.; Forget-Leray, J.; Portet-Koltalo, F. Application of a crustacean bioassay to evaluate a multi-contaminated (metal, PAH, PCB) harbor sediment before and after electrokinetic remediation using eco-friendly enhancing agents. Razavi, M.; Kebria, D.Y. All Rights Reserved. Epub 2022 Nov 14. Contaminated dredged sediments are usually fine texture, and some are low nutrient content or high salinity [, Bioleaching is the application of acidophilic microorganisms capable of Fe/S oxidative metabolism to promote metal dissolution in solid substrates, which is normally conducted as a sediment/soil slurry bioreactor [, S/S technology is used to immobilize contaminants both physically and chemically, which is evidently the most suitable for treatment of metal wastes [, OPC is a hydraulic binder mainly comprised of alite, belite, aluminate, and ferrite [, When OPC blends with supplementary cementitious materials (e.g., fly ash, kiln dust, or silica fume), they would have pozzolanic reactions during hydration. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Miyawaki invented this process, and whatever I understood of the methodology I wrote it as a standard operating procedure, so it could be replicated, says Sharma. Arrivabene, H.P. Here, WRI's forest experts reflect on 10 major changes for forests from the last decade, and what we should expect in 2020 and beyond. ; Llamas, N.E. Recoveries ranged from 80.1 to 93.7% for CRM and from 89 to 107% for spike tests. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. ; Wu, S.C. Phytotoxicity of dredged sediment from urban canal as land application. Fonti, V.; DellAnno, A.; Beolchini, F. Does bioleaching represent a biotechnological strategy for remediation of contaminated sediments? Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb from Sediment, Followed by FAAS and GFAAS Analysis. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. The seedlings are planted very densely20,000 to 30,000 per hectares as opposed to 1,000 per hectare in commercial forestry. Zhou, Q.; Milestone, N.B. WebTropical rainforests can be managed in the following ways to reduce deforestation: Logging and replanting - selective logging of mature trees ensures that the rainforest canopy is preserved. Aztec and Inca societies used a huge number of aphrodisiacs, from peanuts to hallucinogenic mushrooms to insect larvae. ; methodology, Q.X. Available online: Lafhaj, Z.; Samara, M.; Agostini, F.; Boucard, L.; Skoczylas, F.; Depelsenaire, G. Polluted river sediments from the North region of France: Treatment with Novosol process and valorization in clay bricks. Our planet is ringed with breathtaking, richly biodiverse tropical forests from the Congo in Africa to forests throughout equatorial Asian and Pacific nations to the iconic Amazon in South America. Pros and Cons They also house 80 percent of our terrestrial biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, halt desertification, and lessen the impacts of floods. A critical review of stabilization/solidification technology. Effects of Complexes and pH Buffer Solution in Electrokinetic Oxidation Treatment on Sediments Chromium Removal. ; Yang, J.S. Along with the Cubans love for music, there is a love for dance as well. This is the result of several factors, including longer fire seasons, drier conditions, insect infestations and increased lightning. While we can never completely stop the heinous acts of arsonists or the criminally negligent, we can do something about the growing risk of catastrophic fire if we have the will and dedicate the resources to do so. The top five reasons protected areas matter are: 1. ; Bong, P. A review on characterization of sediments for green bricks production. The greatest removal efficiency was more than 50% for Cr. The maximum content of heavy metals were much lower than the respective contamination limits set by US EPA. Reli, D.; orevi, D.; Sakan, S.; Anelkovi, I.; Panteli, A.; Stankovi, R.; Popovi, A. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Then he weeded and watered and monitored. ; Walkley, B. Cement-based stabilization/solidification of radioactive waste. Bookshelf ; Jamali, M.K. Suedel, B.C. Deforestation contributes to climate change, Accessibility In Proceedings of the Western Dredging Association 19th Technical Conference and 31st Texas A&M Dredging Seminar, Louisville, KY, USA, 1618 May 1999; pp. Yoo, J.C.; Lee, C.D. WebRain forest restoration holds much promise in helping to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services, but is not a substitute for preserving intact forest. Global warming is global. Here, we evaluated the ability of "tree islands" to serve as "recruitment foci" in a two-year study at three sites in northern Honduras. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the On the laboratorial scale, bioleaching can achieve high remediation efficiency under the best operation conditions, but for large-scale applications, efficiency may be lost due to inhomogeneity and parameter fluctuation or gradient [, Cement-based S/S remediation technology for pollutants has been extensively used during the last few decades. Long-term application of stabilization/solidification technique on highly contaminated sediments with environment risk assessmentScienceDirect. Zhao, Z.; Mahfoud, B.; Nor-Edine, A.; Denis, D.; Luc, C.; Wang, D. Use of uncontaminated marine sediments in mortar and concrete by partial substitution of cement. Forests Some traditional music styles include mambo, cha-cha-cha, charanga, danzon, rumba, and a few others (Sen Nag). Some popular forms of dance in Cuba are salsa and ballet. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sharma volunteered to help place over 32,000 native trees and plants like neem, mango, and teak into the otherwise industrial landscape. Slimanou, H.; Quesada, D.E. Optimization of Solidification and Stabilization Efficiency of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment Based on Response Surface Methodology. In an ongoing effort to be fiscally responsible, the Southern Research Station (SRS) will no longer produce and distribute hard copies of our publications. Much headway is being made with longleaf pine restoration, for example, using this model. A total of 543 seedlings and 41 species established in islands; > 85% were zoochorous. ; Oliveira, M.A.L. He made his living as an industrial engineer, a career he had dreamed of, in fact, since his boyhood. WebThe restoration of tropical rainforest landscapes can critically contribute to conserve biodiversity because tropical forests harbor half of all Earths species and because this ; Domini, C.E. WebPros and cons of tropical forest restoration/reforestation Tom Geary Forest Scientist, Retired, US Forest Service, USA ThomasGeary@hotmail.com Greenhouse gases, especially Gougar, M.L.D. The law seeks to accomplish this by allowing timber harvests on Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. Identifying high-risk areas, supporting emergency response, and recovering damages from physical events such as vessel groundings all play a role in reducing damage to 2 (2015), pp. We are watching our planets rainforests disappear right before our eyes, and acting now is imperative to protecting the rest of our rainforests and the communities of people living within them. Tropical Conservation Science 4: 287299. ; Dubovina, M.; Crba, N.; Krcmar, D.; Dalmaciia, B. ; Li, J.S. The river Hornd, Slovakia; a fishpond, Gdll. The .gov means its official. One unfortunate consequence of global warming is that natural forests around the world are more subject to forest fires, as witnessed recently in Canada and Australia, for example. Since the applied electric field can easily reach deeply buried contaminants, EKR can be highly efficient even in soils/sediments with low permeability [, The application of floatation to the remediation of heavy metals in sediments is seldom studied at present. MDPI and/or 230 15th Road, Midrand, 1685, South Africa. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including sediment washing, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), chemical extraction, biological treatment, as well as encapsulating pollutants by adding some stabilized/solidified materials. Preventing loss of corals and their habitat. ; Li, B. You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link on any marketing message. FOIA 2022-07-19 Symposium: Tropical Restoration-Reforestation Pros and Cons The goal of this symposium is to present some of the topics and debates connected to tropical restoration and reforestation, to help sharpen our thinking about what works under what conditions, and why. MeSH Deforestation contributes to climate change, and climate change costs governments. ; formal analysis, Q.X. OPC is a simple and cost-effective solidifying material but it has some defects of high greenhouse gases emissions, high porosity, and high pollutants leaching levels [. Specifically, XPRIZE Rainforest is challenging the worlds innovators to co-design and co-create new technologies to rapidly and autonomously catalog diverse forms of life within rainforests. For Green remediation of contaminated sediment by stabilization/solidification with industrial by-products and CO. Du, J.; Bu, Y.; Guo, S.; Tian, L.; Shen, Z. 2014 Mar 4;9(3):e90573. ; validation, Q.X. Effects of different extractants on heavy metals leaching in contaminated sediment. The extraction time was reduced to 7.0 min. Comparison of Different Extraction Approaches for Heavy Metal Partitioning in Sediment Samples. ; Souza, I.D.C. In. Chand, V.; Prasad, S. ICP-OES assessment of heavy metal contamination in tropical marine sediments: A comparative study of two digestion techniques. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Mamatha, P.; Venkateswarlu, G.; Swamy, A.V.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. ; Seo, Y.R. Never in the history of the evolution of the world has one species driven a mass extinction; without reversing course, we will surely seal our own fate of extinction.. The tropical rainforest of Congo Basin is bordered by savannahs and deforested areas due to logging and land clearing activities (Bucini & Lambin, 2002) that heighten the risk of Obua J., Chapman C. A. ; Cordero, M.; Pavn, J.; Torres, A. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediment by using microwave assisted sequential extraction procedure and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Hong, W.; Liu, T.; Shuai, F.; Zhang, W. Metal removal and associated binding fraction transformation in contaminated river sediment washed by different types of agents. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. XPRIZE Rainforest looks to reward those who are working on improving conservation methods and our understanding of rainforest ecosystems by incentivizing their tremendous passion for protecting our planets tropical forests through innovative ideas. Cai, Y.; Gao, H.; Qu, G.; Ning, P.; Hu, Y.; Zou, H.; Ren, N. Research on the efficient water-absorbing ceramsite generated by dredged sediments in Dian Lake-China and coal fly ash. Moutsatsou, A.; Gregou, M.; Matsas, D.; Protonotarios, V. Washing as a remediation technology applicable in soils heavily polluted by mining-metallurgical activities. Yi, Y.M. Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment. Tessier, A.P. Review of the current situation of coastal ecological engineering using dredged marine sediments and prospects for potential application in China. An overview of carcinogenic heavy metal: Molecular toxicity mechanism and prevention. ; He, X.A. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The role of planting in the restoration of southern pine ecosystems that are underrepresented on the landscape is simple to the point of being rudimentary--when a seed source of the desired species is absent from a stand, planting is the only way to re-establish the desired species in the stand being restored. Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment. This is becoming more evident every single year, Houlihan tells us. However, the former are more expensive and the latter are time-consuming and have unstable efficiency. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds landmass. ; Hu, Z.A. In Proceedings of the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Biennial Mixed Waste Symposium, Baltimore, MD, USA, 711 August 1995; pp. EDDS, HPC, HA, iron colloids, ultra-pure Milli-Q water, Soap and NaCl. forests ; Fan, W.H. Li, J.S. forest Inorganic acids were the most effective ones with the removal efficiency of, CA, malic acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic acid. Symposium: Tropical Restoration-Reforestation Pros and Cons. Sample handling strategies for the determination of persistent trace organic contaminants from biota samples. Razavi, M.; Kebria, D.Y. Microbial Processes and Mechanisms Affecting Bioremediation of Metal Contamination and Influencing Metal Toxicity and Transport. Mattson, I.I. Into the intensely compacted soil he planted 224 saplings of some 19 species of shrubs and trees timber, and guava and mulberry among other fruit trees. Heavy metals are natural components of the Earths crust. ; Li, J.S. Clear-Cutting Pros & Cons And Its Effects On Forests. (2011) Fire control as a simple means of promoting tropical forest restoration. Leaching concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb didnt exceed prescribed values, OPC, lime, activated carbon and organoclay. Everyone agrees that this overcrowding makes our forests more susceptible to wildfire, disease, and insect infestation. As a young graduate student in the late 1950s, Akira Miyawaki learned about the emergent concept of potential natural vegetation (PNV). ; Chen, B.; Shen, Z. Harbor dredged sediment as raw material in fired clay brick production: Characterization and properties. Could a Trillion Trees Really Save the Planet? Rehmat, A.; Lee, A.; Goyal, A.; Mensinger, M.C. 2010 Jul;20(5):1255-69. doi: 10.1890/09-0714.1. Find your time zone at https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Location: online Organizers: The International Society of Tropical Foresters, The International Forestry Working Group of the Society of American Foresters, and Terraformation Details: https://tropicalforesters.org/symposium-tropical-restoration-reforestation-pros-and-cons/ Registration: https://terraformation.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_070T8D9tRZW7cMpuop5g_Q, CMS/Programming: Ajado - web, mobile & marketing (linked to, University Courses, Summer Schools and Webinars, Fellowships/Scholarships/Research Funding, https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html, https://tropicalforesters.org/symposium-tropical-restoration-reforestation-pros-and-cons/. Tropical Until those small patches have been restored, the work doesnt stop.. The detection limit was 5.0 mg/kg. As for traditional landfills, composting, and other sediment disposal processes, the moisture content of sediment should be frequently reduced to less than 60%. Get your fix of JSTOR Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday. Yousuf, M.; Mollah, A.; Vempati, R.K.; Lin, T.-C.; Cocke, D.L. Immobilization of Radionuclide 133Cs by Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Cement. Available online: Lpez-Delgado, A.; Lpez, F.A. 6 guiding principles for successful restoration of tropical forest JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. Barjoveanu, G.; Gisi, S.D. The role of planting in ecosystem restoration--pros and cons. Wang, Z.; Li, B.; Sun, Y.; Yang, W. Leaching remediation of dredged marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals. Macfarlane, G.R. Expanding forests could actually provide significant cooling gains against our ticking climate clock. Newly planted forests improve land degraded by mining, growing crops, and over-grazing livestock. Krcmar, D.; Varga, N.; Prica, M.; Cveticanin, L.; Zukovic, M.; Dalmacija, B.; Corba, Z. Privacy Policy Contact Us Masi, M.; Marini, A.; Ostuni, M.B. ; Egwurugwu, J.N. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. ; Choi, Y. Wen, D.; Fu, R.; Li, Q. Global restoration opportunities in tropical rainforest landscapes Part II: Durability of materials. Recycling dredged sediment for construction and building materials can be achieved through cement-based S/S technology. ; Qiu, G.L. Reid JL, Mendenhall CD, Rosales JA, Zahawi RA, Holl KD. However, there are a number of issues associated with the use of planting that raise questions on public and private lands, including cost, quality of genetic stock, and the speed with which restored habitat can be obtained. Here are just 10 reasons why investing in forest protection initiatives is in the nation's best interest: 1. Li, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Ren, B.; Luo, J.; Yuan, J.; Ding, X.; Bian, H.; Yao, X. (When planting his backyard forest, Sharma accidentally introduced two non-native speciesneither he nor his source knew any better at the timeso he includes detailed instructions to help others avoid this mistake.) WebITTO supports its members to carefully plan and control timber-harvesting operations in the tropics. Tozzi, F.; Pecchioli, S.; Renella, G.; Melgarejo, P.; Lenzi, A. Remediated marine sediment as growing medium for lettuce production: Assessment of agronomic performance and food safety in a pilot experiment. Emerging ionic liquid-based techniques for total-metal and metal-speciation analysis. Fire suppression and restrictions on forest management have created forests that are 20 times denser than normal, more in some places. 2023 Jan 2;378(1867):20210077. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0077. These land use changes are made under the false pretense that they will benefit local communities with jobs and drive economic growth.Wealthy nations drive demand for tropical timber, and cash-strapped governments often grant logging concessions at a fraction of the lands true volume, National Geographic explains. ; Dalmacija, B.D. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopless Republic of China. Teds Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. FLR is about returning some trees to a landscape so that they can enhance the overall benefits provided by forests in that landscape to both nature and people. Email Teko Nhlapho: tekoh@nepad.org ; project administration, B.W. 1998;45(1):127-41. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:1<127::AID-AJP9>3.0.CO;2-Y. 68-69. ; Marcovecchio, J.E. In 2011, after proving that Miyawakis method could work for his own experimental backyard forest, he quit his job at Toyota and opened a forest-production company named Afforestt, which practices what Miyawaki preaches: the introduction to a depleted landscape of potential natural vegetation, which is what would naturally occur in that particular place without human intervention. Its stated intent is to reduce the threat of destructive wildfires. ; Xue, Q.; Poon, C.S. Chen, Z.; Chen, W.; He, F.F. In. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is the intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize environmental impacts on forest stands and soils. ; Sung, S. Effects of sulfur dosage on continuous bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediment. Asavapisit, S.; Fowler, G.; Cheeseman, C.R. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. positive feedback from the reviewers. The remains of ancient insects reveal new information about Paleo-Eskimo life and the history of the Norse in Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. But at the age of 91 he continues to plant trees 90 million of them are slated to be put in along Japans coast as a buffer against future catastrophic tsunami damage. In. As a whole, the current work reviews the latest research to physical-chemical approaches and biotechnologies for treating metal-contaminated sediments. The efficiency does not reach that of the (3 + 1)-step BCR procedure. ; Baig, J.A. ; Roy, D.M. Miyawaki has planted over 40 million trees in this way, in 15 countries, including, especially, his own. Cedar is highly attractive when stained and some varieties, such as white cedar, become increasingly aesthetically pleasing over time. Removal levels (4.416%) were not as high as expected. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. An engineer with a native zeal for quantifying systems, Sharma turned Miyawakis method into a set of assembly line instructions. Ruston, LA: Southern Forest Tree Improvement Committee: 2. WebPros. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including Oecologia. ; visualization, Q.X. 2. Forest degradation and clearing are major causes of global biodiversity loss (Pereira et al. Forest ; Krcmar, D.S. ; Yang, X.M. ; Campos, C.Q. ; Corkhill, C.L. And from that day on, his fate was sealed. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Restoring Tropical Forest ; Scheetz, B.E. ; Fang, Z.; Li, W. Improvement in electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated soil near lead acid battery factory. Wen, J.; Hu, Y.; Fang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xing, L.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, G. Humic substances from green waste compost: An effective washing agent for heavy metal (Cd, Ni) removal from contaminated sediments. 1 Weather The weather in the tropical rainforest is always hot and humid. ; Ebrahimi, A. Microbial Fuel Cell-enhanced electrokinetic process for remediation of chromium from marine sediments.