[62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. 62-65. This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. The destruction was accomplished the next day. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Civil War veterans did it differently. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with J.E.B. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. On April 14, 1865 the actor John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. After he shot Lincoln, Booth shouted "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. civil War original matches. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. This is a PowerPoint lecture. The earthworks were removed by 1869. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. The barracks were so filthy and infested that the commission claimed, nothing but fire can cleanse them.". World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Coming Soon!! [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. 3. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. (PowerPoint presentation.). Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps.