It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. The states were later increased to 30 states. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . %PDF-1.5 Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. /Type /XObject Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. 2. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. /Parent 2 0 R PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE It also decided that the Public . Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Required fields are marked *. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for You are already subscribed to our newsletter! READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Excellent, thanks a lot f This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. 7 Topics . Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. % Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. /Length 3884 $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? i dont have my first school leaving certificate. |4-Iv Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. 1. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. 3. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Payment Details. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. (eds. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Your email address will not be published. /F2 9 0 R Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. ff>qsfN? Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of However, that is not so in a federal government system. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study Required fields are marked *. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. He rejects the assertion that Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. 4 0 obj The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. << (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of The Plural nature of Nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? endobj The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Population of the country Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects >> History of federal system of government in nigeria. /F6 21 0 R Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. /Type /Page I love this article,very educating and interesting Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4.
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