There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. 2. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. and reversing the religious settlement. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. . Boston House, The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). - navy to firth of Forth. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Mary Queen of Scots was married to . The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Roman Catholics . These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. J. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Why religious compromise was so difficult. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. 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During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Copy. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Company Reg no: 04489574. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. It had to deal with Irish . By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Use your outline As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. Boston Spa, As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and LS23 6AD Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize Save. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. . The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay LS23 6AD Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Henry himself gave people cause . By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Died: 24 March 1603. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. West Yorkshire, gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. Edward VI - Wikipedia Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. From there we will look at the career . An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. 1558 -french threat. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Write a paragraph or two. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Elizabeth I: a biography. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY Best Answer. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com 14-16 / How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. Student / The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Born: 7 September 1533. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat.
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