The Second Generation of Olympian Gods And Their Symbols. The She Wolf, or lupa, was reputedly the animal which took in the baby twins Romulus and Remus as her own and fed them her milk. Cattle, and only oxen at that, are offered to Jupiter. A cow is held in high regard and is constituted as being one of the most sacred animals in Hinduism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. 02 Hades is one of the three gods who defeated the Titans. As the city and its surrounding kingdom developed, so too did its gods soon, the immortal gods and goddesses would play important roles in every aspect of life, ruling realms both great and small while influencing the lives of all around them. Their deity appeared as a pig with erect bristles who kept an eye on storms, chaos, deserts, and darkness. One of his oracles was the Oracle of Delphi, the most famous oracle of all times. Sacred Gifts, Profane Uses? Present. Janus and the nymph Camasene were the parents of Tiberinus, whose death in or by the river Albula caused it to be renamed Tiber. Venus is the Roman deity of love and all things beautiful. Some of them were the Roman equivalent to Greek Gods, others came from ancient Italic tribes and were specific to Rome and others were gods and goddesses Rome started worshipping after its expansion to faraway lands, mostly Egypt and the Middle East. Jupiter is considered the all-time most powerful ancient Roman God. This was to appease the god, and auger blessings for fruitful crops. In Hinduism alone deities like Lord Shiva whose steed was a bull called Nandi, cows are honored in sacricity by having statutes erected in their reverence. Heket was one of the first eight gods in one version of the Ancient Egyptian creation . A lectisternium is a banquet for the gods, at which they appear as images seated on couches, as if present and participating. The lyre, which he played so skillfully to create magical tunes, was one of those symbols. In both scenarios, it is possible to draw parallels between Roman and Greek Gods and Goddesses. The son of Zeus and Hera, Ares is the god of courage, war, civil order and battlelust in Greek mythology. During the Republic, the epithet may be most prominent with Bona Dea, "the Good Goddess" whose rites were celebrated by women. Both a virgin goddess and an earth goddess, she was identified with the Greek Artemis. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals and Plants, Being the worlds smallest bird measuring only a few inches, , The labrys, or double-headed axe, is one of the earliest , The universe of culture has endless spaces with the most , Not many civilizations were as mathematically advanced as the Aztec , Angel numbers are a sequence of repeating digits, and they , The Mormon religion was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, , The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the redemptive effects of , Carrying on our series on religious symbols, we will be . Romans celebrated the festival of Veneralia to honor her. 1. As a Roman Goddess, Minerva presided over science, arts and manual work as a goddess of knowledge in all forms although it also maintained some traits of the goddess of war that she used to have in Greek religion. Female animals should be offered to female deities, and male animals to male gods. Isis is a female Goddess from Egypt with many followers in Ancient Rome. The others include bows and arrows, pythons, ravens, swans and laurel wreaths. Both pets and wild animals were significant to Egyptian society, from mummified cats to chariot-pulling stallions. His other symbols are identical with his sacred animals and plants. Apollo / Apollo Serpent - Apophis Eternal enemy to the sun god Ra, Apophis was a dangerous, giant serpent which embodied the powers of dissolution, darkness, and non-being. Gods and Bulls. They were used in the form of oxen to pull plows and carts. Often represented with running horses, representing the power of the sea, he was also the Gods of horses. This is one of the most famous sculptures in Rome and it is now kept in the Borghese Gallery. 2) Jupiter- The Roman god of the sky Jupiter, also known as Jove is the Roman deity of the sky. Juno also became the female guardian and the month of June is named after her. The Gallic and Germanic cavalry (auxilia) of the Roman Imperial army regularly set up altars to the "Mothers of the Field" (Campestres, from campus, "field," with the title Matres or Matronae). However, the majority of the Hindu culture are vegetarians, and they view thecowto be asacricity symbol of life that should be protected and revered. Artemis, the sister of Apollo and daughter of Zeus and Leto, is the goddess of the hunt, wild animals, forests, hills, the wilderness, the Moon, chastity, children and archery in Greek mythology. She is known as the Queen of Gods, and the goddess of women, marriage, skies, stars and childbirth. Vesta was also the guardian of the Roman people. I hope you enjoyed this overview of the most important Roman gods and Goddesses and their symbols. Venus is the Roman goddess of Love and the equivalent to the Greek goddess Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. It was he and Roman goddess Minerva who invented the chariot. A very interesting one is at the lower levels of the Basilica of San Clemente, which is also one of the most interesting churches in Rome. They performed a wide measure of functions and were of immense utility to the Romans. Bonus Eventus, "Good Outcome", was one of Varro's twelve agricultural deities, and later represented success in general. Heras symbols were royal scepters and thrones, just like Zeus, the ornamented headbands/crowns known as diadems, pomegranates (as they represented fertility), lotus flowers, lilies, peacock feathers, cows, lions and panthers. Her temple at the Forum Romanum was off-limits to all except her priestesses called the Vestal Virgins. Gorgoneions, amulets with Medusa heads on them, and aegis, the magical item only carried by Zeus and Athena, which is suggested to be either a piece of clothing made of animal skin or a shield, are the two main symbols of Athena. Ares was acquitted." Source: Apollodorus , The Library 3.180 All these aspects of the God were already largely present in Greek mythology and practices in the sanctuaries of Apollo in the Greek and Roman world. He is depicted holding the trident in most of the artworks created throughout history. Who is Hephaestus in Greek Mythology? In 46 B.C., after the defeat of rival Pompey in Greece and successful wars in Asia Minor and Egypt, Caesar held an elaborate triumphant parade in which forty trained elephants marched alongside him up the steps of the Capitol, lighted torches burning in their trunks. Indian God. Even Native Americans worshiped the wolf as god, and saw it as a symbol of courage, direction, family, endurance, and intelligence. [4], Grammatically, the form Caelestis can also be a masculine word, but the equivalent function for a male deity is usually expressed through syncretization with Caelus, as in Caelus Aeternus Iuppiter, "Jupiter the Eternal Sky. The greatest ROman God has two brothers, One is Jupiter who is teh God of Sky and also chief of Roman Gods. Happy studying. . While some of its gods and goddesses almost certainly date back to its earliest days, others were imported either whole cloth or were mixed together with other Roman gods to create a sense that Romes gods were the gods of the world. He is depicted in many ancient Greek artworks as holding the lightning bolt in his hand like a spear. Table of Contents Hades means "the one who presides over death." She is the Roman patron goddess of the countryside, the moon and the hunters. The eagle is his sacred animal and the thunderbolt is his identifying weapon. This ancient deity has a unique symbolic meaning in ancient Rome: legend tells us that Romulus was raised into the sky as Quirinus. [14] Roman Gods and Goddesses. Donkeys, cranes and guard dogs were his sacred animals. Hares, doves, turtle-doves, geese, sparrows, swallows, fish, shellfish and swines were Aphrodites sacred animals while roses, myrtles, anemones, apple trees, lettuces and pomegranates were her sacred plants. Her sacred plant is the olive tree. Themys, Eurynome, Demeter, Mnemosyne, Leto and Maia, although only Hera was known to be his legal wife. Venus was the goddess of love, beauty. The Roman goddess of horses and cattle. Saturn, for instance, can be said to have another origin here, and so too Diana. Grapevines, panthers, cheetahs, leopard skin and the pine-cone staff known as thyrsus were the symbols of Dionysus. #3 - Heket, the Frog Goddess. These Greek similarities then found their way into the Roman culture and hence many Greek and Roman gods have a lot in common. In Hindu culture, Lord Dattatreya is depicted with four dogs, and these dogs represent the four Vedas (Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Yajur-Veda, and Atharva-Veda) and Mother Earth. ", Invictus ("Unconquered, Invincible") was in use as a divine epithet by the early 3rd century BC. His descendants settled in Latium and count Rhea Silvia, mother of Romulus. Being a country surrounded by the sea, a part of which was also made of islands, life in ancient Greece heavily depended on the sea and the bounties it provided. The greater Roman gods are remarkably human, something that almost certainly derives from both Romes foundational myths. Another title of Apollo is Alexikakos which means averter of evil. He is usually associated with his Greek equivalent Hermes however, the two deities had little in common, roman Mercury being more associate with commerce than with the role of messenger of the gods. Fauna is an old Roman Goddess of Prophecy and Fruitfulness, with ties to the forest and fields and the animals found there. Monkeys enjoy a high status here and are regarded as sacred. Ares Symbol - Sacred Animals, Plants and Symbols of Ares. His sacred animal was the wolf. Greek origins In Greece, myths were derived from a rich old oral tradition: Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey and Hesiod 's Theogony. He was also the father of the twins Romulus and Remus. His consort is the goddess of seawater Salacia. The first animals in ancient Roman history and legend are the wolf and sheep. The first Augusta was Livia, wife of Octavian, and the title is then shared by various state goddesses including Bona Dea, Ceres, Juno, Minerva, and Ops; by many minor or local goddesses; and by the female personifications of Imperial virtues such as Pax and Victoria. 04 The Underworld has three realms. In line with his mythology, he is usually represented as a young man slaying a bull, with ears of corn emerging from the animals blood. As Rome was an empire ultimately based on conquest and acquisition, Mars had a special place in Roman worship. In fact, Turkic mythology states that, they are descendants of the wolf. Apollo/Apollon, the son of Zeus and Leto, is the Greek god of sun, music, poetry, healing, medicine, light, prophecy, oracles, knowledge and archery. In the Metamorphoses of Apuleius,[3] the protagonist Lucius prays to the Hellenistic Egyptian goddess Isis as Regina Caeli, "Queen of Heaven", who is said to manifest also as Ceres, "the original nurturing parent"; Heavenly Venus (Venus Caelestis); the "sister of Phoebus", that is, Diana or Artemis as she is worshipped at Ephesus; or Proserpina as the triple goddess of the underworld. One of the most volatile and wrathful of the Olympian gods, Poseidons rule extended over all bodies of water. Additionally, the blue planet Neptune is named after him. The God overlooks the solar and therefore the power of light and the alternating between day and night, Apollo in Rome was worshipped largely for his power of foresight, then for his healing power and finally as patron of music. Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals and PlantsWatch this video on YouTube, Carrying on with our series on the symbols of gods in Greek mythology, we will be discussing Hephaestus, the blacksmith of gods, who also happens to be the god of blacksmiths. Goddess of nature, fertility, childbirth, wildwood, moon, forests, animals, mountains, woods, and women. Spirit animal is a great-horned owl. Birds were classified into classes, such as birds which flew in groups, and those which flew alone, those making nasty sounds were considered an omen. A mushroom is highlighted as a special ingredient to be added along with other plants to the mixing of a pithos of wine. Shamans of nearly every culture have revered the wolf for its swiftness, instinctual abilities and wild freedom. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. There is a sense that while Rome is a cosmopolitan city that is more than open to outside influence, nothing will ever be quite so grand as the myths on which the city was initially founded. When Heracles returned with the cattle of Geryon, Cacus stole some of the animals and hid them in his cave. He was the god of the thunder and skies, as such, his main symbol was a lightning bolt. Her sacred animals were bears, wild boars and deers while her sacred plants were cypress and walnut trees and amaranth flowers. No ancient source, however, poses this dichotomy, which is not generally accepted among scholars of the 21st century. The name is derived from the Latin cupido, "desire". Animals sacred to Apollo included wolves, dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas (symbolizing music and song), hawks, ravens, crows, snakes (referencing Apollo's function as the god of prophecy), mice and griffins, mythical eagle-lion hybrids of Eastern origin. Later she became more a protector of personal health. In ancient times, before Rome became a military power, Mars was an agricultural God, overlooking the arrival of spring and the victory of life forces over the dire winter. Cuckoo birds, peacocks (her mount was a chariot drawn by peacocks), cows and lions were sacred to Hera. Most of Mars celebrations and festivities were held in the month of March. The ancient Romans also used animals for the purposes of capital punishments. Apollo is the only god in the classical pantheon to share the same name in both Greek and Roman traditions. The Colosseum at night: all you need to Rome Rose Garden (Roseto Comunale): all you need God of light, God of storms and weather events, Roman God of war and agricultural prosperity, Myrtle, rose, apple tree, poppy flower. Disclaimer: Articles on this website may contain affiliate links and, should you make a purchase through them, we might make a small commission at no extra cost to you. Ceres is one of the 20 most important Roman gods and goddesses. The sacred ibis was worshipped from Predynastic times (c. 5300-3000 BC) by the ancient Egyptians. The civilization is remembered for the pyramids, the Sphinx, hieroglyphics, pharaohs and distinct afterlife beliefs. 10. The highly revered monkey god Hanuman is widely worshipped throughout India. Venus is a goddess with paramount importance in roman mythology and specifically for the roman empire. It proved to be very auspicious to barren women and those who were touched by those leather hides called Februa meant to bring fertility to those barren women. and even the part of the sky in which a bird flew was also observed for making future predictions whether ominous or not. In many societies, ancient and modern, religion has performed a major role in their development, and the Roman Empire was no different. The ceremony of the sacrifice reflects the Roman social order. A classics graduate and professional travel blogger, on this site I share my insider tips to help you plan your dream trip to Rome, Italy. In this post we will provide you with vital information about the Olympian goddess including her family tree while also giving you the full list of Hestia symbols, her sacred animals and plants. As she is the patron goddess of marriage as well, a favourable time to marry is the month of June. It dates back to the times of the Roman kings. Like other major gods, he had many epithets. Copyright 2023 I Love Veterinary | It is not just a job, it is LOVE! One of the most majestic of the animal kingdom is the wolf. His alternate name Phoebus means bright. She may have originated as a local goddess, but later became affiliated with the Greek goddess Artemis. This is particularly true of those gods belonging to the archaic religion of the Romans dating back to the era of kings, the so-called "religion of Numa", which was perpetuated or revived over the centuries. Pluto is the God of the underworld, the main God of death, equivalent in power to Jupiter and Neptune. This is a list of the most important Gods and Goddesses from ancient Rome, their symbols and meaning. Lares and Penates were deities protecting the house and hte househols, the lares specificaly protectors of the house as a place and the penates protector of the livelyhood of the family members. Sacred flocks and herds? Here are top ten most commonly worshiped animals across the world: 2/11. Venus was married to the Roman god Vulcan. She is also the protector of women during labour. Jupiter was the God of the sky and his name seems to come from the ancient Indian word Djaus=light so that his name means Father of Light. It is believed that the earliest traditional feasts of Rome, famously known as the Lupercalia, feasts in honor of the God Pan, who himself was half man and half goat. Ceres was the goddess of grain. Ceres was the Roman goddess of the bounty (of growth and creation) including farming, agriculture, the harvest, fertility and motherly relationships. Ancient sources talk about this God as one of the most ancient of the Rome Pantheon: his festivals were held in the month of August and are at the origin of the still current festivity of Ferrragosto. Spirit or totem animals are Geri and Freki, his two gray wolves; Munin and Hugin, his two ravens, and Sleipnir, his eight-legged gray horse. Her main symbol is the hearth (the fireplace in a house) and its fire. 03 He has a three-headed guard dog named Cerberus. Demeter is the goddess of fertility, harvest, agriculture, grains, bread and sacred law in Greek mythology. Goddess of the hunt. These were also placed in six male-female pairs. A List of the most sacred animals around the world for the Fun of it! Married to Odin. She possessed a sacred forest near Minturnae (Minturno) on the border of Latium and Campania[8] Elephants were used to carry very heavy loads such as Obelisks or more famously Neros titanic statue, also known as the Colossus. The God overlooking the start and finish of everything, Janus was represented as with two faces, looking the opposite way one from the other. She was Cupid's mother and Vulcan's wife. Mars gets a bull, and Vulcan a calf. Here is everything you should know about the Greek goddess of women, her family, symbols, sacred animals, and plants. The Titans, Cyclopes, and Hecatonchires (Hekatonkheires, Hecatoncheires) were unable to escape and prosper. Though it was certainly heavily influenced by that of Greece, the major gods keep their place throughout the centuries of Romes dominance. As war was kind of a big thing for the Romans, they logically created a party to launch the date (around mid-March). Jupiter, also known as Jove is the Roman deity of the sky. Athena was a very important figure who took part in many important Greek myths. The Dii Consentes consisted of 6 gods and 6 goddesses. Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure, known only by name and sometimes function, through inscriptions and texts that are often fragmentary. Who Is Zeus in Greek Mythology? [6], Mater ("Mother") was an honorific that respected a goddess's maternal authority and functions, and not necessarily "motherhood" per se. In the Roman world, Jovis would also overlook battles and was considered a symbol of honesty and justice since the time of the Roman Kings. The Romans portray Mars as clean-shaven or with a beard, carrying a spear and adorning a helmet, these elements show his warrior nature. Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia the Plead and the god of speed, messengers, trade, athletics, herds, shepherds, boundaries, roads, travellers and thieves in Greek mythology. Who is Hera in Greek Mythology? This is widely regarded as the Monkey Temple. He is the Greek god of fate, weather, thunder, sky and kings. The indigitamenta are deities known only or primarily as a name; they may be minor entities, or epithets of major gods. Juno Caelestis was the Romanised form of the Carthaginian Tanit. The owl symbolises her wisdom and knowledge. Vesta is the Roman goddess of the hearth. [27] Varro, however, says that the altars to most of these gods were established at Rome by King Tatius as the result of a vow (votum).[28]. "The All-Mother". We are not here to give out veterinary advice, you should always consult your veterinarian. In Ancient Rome, there were three annual festivals for Ceres that were related to planting crops. A group of sacred monkeys Pigs The people of ancient Egypt regarded pigs as sacred and as an important deity. It also became a near ubiquitous title or honour for various minor local deities, including the Lares Augusti of local communities, and obscure provincial deities such as the North African Marazgu Augustus. Mars also symbolically represented military power as a way to secure peace. "[25], Varro makes various claims for Sabine origins throughout his works, some more plausible than others, and his list should not be taken at face value. This god is often depicted armed with an arrow which makes the victim fall in love. His sacred animal is the eagle which also became the symbol of the Roman army. The main temple of Jovis in Rome was on the Capitoline Hill, one of the most important of the seven hills of Rome in terms of religion and temples. Daughter of Jupiter, she is the sister of Apollo, and somewhat his female equivalent. The Fasti of Ovid depicts her as a jealous woman. He is famous for his three pronged Trident, and was said to have caused a massive flood in one Roman myth. Mars was represented as a strong male figure and has special significance in the history or Rome: via his union with Rhea Silvia, he gave birth to Romulus, founder of Rome, and Remus his brother, a Roman legend that connects the birth of the city directly with this powerful God. Vulcan was the god of fire. She is rarely shown in her human form and is depicted as fire. But cats took the spot as the favorites so nothing has changed over the centurieshahahaha! Augustus, "the elevated or august one" (masculine form) is an honorific and title awarded to Octavian in recognition of his unique status, the extraordinary range of his powers, and the apparent divine approval of his principate. She is best-known for her connections with peace and handicrafts such as spinning and weaving. The Incredible Dunkirk Evacuation- in rare pictures, Elizabethan Food and Drink- Brief History & Key Facts, 10 Famous Female Warriors Who Made Their Mark On History. Symbols of Apollo are the lyra (musical instrument), the laurel tree and the sun chariot. The ancient Romans worshipped a large number of Gods and Goddesses. She shares with Jupiter a dominant role over the other Gods and goddesses over the Roman Pantheon, of which she is essentially queen and mother. Also known as Hephaistos, Hephaestus is the god of forges, volcanoes, fire, blacksmiths, carpenters, stone masonry, metalworking, metallurgy and sculptors in the Greek pantheon. The Fall Of Uranus Fed up and overcome by grief, Gaia pleaded with her children to take action. Animal cults are classified into two categories, namely its internal meaning, or outwards appearance. @2019-2023 - All Right Reserved. According to Korean folklore, the majestic tiger is regarded as the guardian of the West and is also a divine spirit. Without further ado, here is our full list of Greek god symbols, sacred animals and plants. Bulls, panthers and serpents were the sacred animals of Dionysus while grapevine, bindweed and ivy were the plants sacred to him and his worshippers. 555 Angel Number Meaning And Symbolism: A Detailed Explanation, Mormon Symbols: The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints Symbolism, Sideways Cross Meaning 3 Big Differences From Other Christian Crosses, Jewish Symbols And Their Meanings: The Symbols of Judaism Explained, Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants, Ancient Egyptian Symbols And Their Meanings. Born from Saturn and Opus, sister and wife to Jupiter, Juno is an important Roman Goddess embodying feminine powers. Her name, like Faunus's, is from the Latin faveo, "to befriend, support, or back up", from which we get our "favor"; an alternate . Either the son of Zeus and Hera or Hera alone, He is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was very important in day-to-day life until the start of the Christian era in Egypt, after which mummification was outlawed entirely. Jupiter Jupiter was chief among Roman gods and goddesses. The Romans believed that Jupiter favoured them most and granted them supremacy. The canine, being a symbol of both alertness and vigilance, also represents the three levels of physical sound. A combination of the two that is the eagle carrying a thunderbolt was often seen on Roman coins. Her attribute was a snake or a bowl and her festival was celebrated on March 30. The oldest continuously run business in the world is a hot spring hotel in Japan thats been in operation since 705 A.D. Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals and Plants A number of temples were dedicated to her throughout the empire, some of which were used to practice sensual activities and licentiousness. Often represented coming out of water, Represented in full armor and with an owl, like Greek Athena, Goddess of wilderness, nature and hunting, Represented as a man busy with metallurgic work, Represented as a mature woman with a sceptre, Asian and then Roman God of the light, sun and agriculture, Represented as a man slaying a bull with ears of corn sprouting from it, The ancient God of Rome, associated with Romulus, Often represented as a bearded young man, his symbol seems to have been the plant of the myrtle, God of beginnings and endings, of doors and change, A head with two faces looking opposite ways, His symbols were the 3 headed dog Cerberus and the snake, Wine, horticulture, ambiguity and theater, Represented as a hawk or as a woman with eagle eyes, The Muses, 9 Greek/Roman deities overlooking the arts, The three Graces, representing all that is beauty and grace, Juventus, the Greek Goddess Hebe, Roman symbol of youth, Aesculapius, God of medicine and health, whose work is represented by a snake around a rod, shedding his skin (symbol of renewal), Cibeles originally arrived in Rome from Crete and Asia Minor, she represented mountain life and the generating power of soil and nature, Bacchus God of wine and horticulture, often represented with grapes and vines, in the company of Satyres, Felice Ramorino Classical Mythology, Hoepli Milan, Lana and Fellin: Latin Literature Anthology. National Geographic stated in an article that cats ruled in ancient Egypt. Artemis was also considered to be the protector of young girls until they got Continue reading the article, The Olympian goddess of wisdom and war, Athena is the most beloved patroness of the city of Athens. The following groups, however, are numberless collectives. As such, he was worshipped as a god of agricultural prosperity and fertility. This extension of an Imperial honorific to major and minor deities of Rome and her provinces is considered a ground-level feature of Imperial cult. Project dedicated to support and help to improve Veterinary Medicine. Delve into the fascinating tales of how and why certain animals are held in such high regard by some cultures. Wild celeries and pine trees were the sacred plants of Poseidon. She married her brother Zeus Continue reading the article, In todays post, we will be examining one of the 12 Olympian gods in Greek mythology, namely, Demeter. The holm oak, also known as the holy oak and the evergreen oak, and the olive trees are known as Zeus' sacred plants. The Romans also worshipped him as an agricultural god. It is also used in the Mithraic mysteries. In the Imperial period, it expressed the invincibility of deities embraced officially, such as Jupiter, Mars, Hercules, and Sol. In this illustration, Mars is depicted on horseback. Mars is portrayed as a warrior in full battle armor, wearing a crested helmet and bearing a shield. The goat is one of the 12 signs of the Chinese Zodiac. His main festival was called Saturnalia and happened between 17-19 December. They are symbolic of power and courage and are believed to ward off evil and bring about good luck. Being one of the most important figures in ancient Greek religion, despite not always being at the forefront of the Greek pantheon, Demeter was the Greek goddess of the harvest, agriculture, grains, sacred law, Continue reading the article, If you are a real fan of mythology, you already know that some of the most interesting and entertaining myths involve the trickster gods. The Pantheon and Sanctuaries of the Roman East. HEPHAESTUS Roman Name: Vulcan 40. The Vestals had the role to keep the sacred fire of the deity burning perpetually, the extinguishing of which would have brought the end of the Roman world. The bear is one of the most powerful and most feared of the animal kingdom. The first temple built in her name was the Venus Obsequens.
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